Beneath the varnish of flashing lights and free cocktails casinos are built on a bedrock of mathematics, engineered to slowly bleed their patrons of cash. For years mathematically inclined minds have tried to turn the tables, using their knowledge of probability and game theory to exploit weaknesses in a rigged system.
Casinos earn money from the players through a commission called a rake or vig, a small percentage of each bet made that is taken by the house. The casino also makes money by charging for services such as food and drink, which it sells to its players. In games that require a high degree of skill, such as blackjack, the house edge can be eliminated by playing according to an optimal strategy.
Gambling is an ancient form of entertainment, with roots in many cultures and societies. In the modern world, most countries have legalized some form of gambling. Various forms of gaming have been used throughout history, including dice, cards, dice again, roulette, and horse racing. Many of these games are still popular in many casinos and other places that offer gambling.
In the 1980s, Atlantic City and other cities began to open casinos. Many American Indian reservations also operate casinos, which are exempt from state antigambling laws. In Europe, licensed and regulated gambling clubs are common. They often combine with hotels, restaurants, and other tourist attractions. The most famous of these is the Bellagio in Las Vegas, which has become a symbol of elegance and sophistication.