The latest developments in the conflict in the Middle East show increasingly complex dynamics with the involvement of various regional and global actors. One of the most significant events was the escalation of tensions between Israel and Hamas. Increased rocket attacks by Hamas and Israel’s military response have caused thousands of casualties and displacement. International parties, including the US and the European Union, are debating a peaceful solution, but diplomacy appears to be deadlocked. In Syria, the civil war that has lasted more than a decade is showing signs of change. Bashar al-Assad’s government, with Russian and Iranian support, managed to retake most of the lost territory. However, Kurdish opposition groups and militias, such as the SDF (Syrian Democratic Forces), continue to control several strategic areas, especially in the north. Tensions between Türkiye and Kurdish militias have also increased, given Türkiye’s concerns about the existence of the YPG, which is considered an outlawed branch of the PKK. Yemen is also in the spotlight, where conflict continues to rage between the Saudi Arabia-backed government and Houthi rebels. The peace agreement signed in Kuwait in 2016 has not brought the expected stability. However, some new diplomatic steps could pave the way for a more permanent ceasefire. Handling the humanitarian crisis in Yemen is a major concern for the UN, considering that millions of civilians are in critical condition. In the context of Iran, the ever-increasing enrichment of uranium is a source of concern for Western countries. Recent discussions over Iran’s nuclear program in Vienna showed tensions, despite hopes for a return to the 2015 nuclear agreement. Iran’s aggressive policies in the region, including its support for militias in Iraq and Lebanon, have also sparked negative reactions from neighboring countries and anyone seeking to maintain regional stability. In Gaza, the humanitarian situation is getting worse due to the blockade of meeting basic needs. Prolonged fighting between secular and Islamist factions is creating hardship for an already suffering society. International aid efforts are critical to improving these conditions, but are often hampered by unstable political conditions. Lebanon is witnessing the worst economic crisis in its history, with funding cuts and structural corruption worsening the situation. Meanwhile, the strong presence of the Hezbollah group remains a determining factor in Lebanese politics and relations with Israel. Tensions between the two parties could trigger new conflicts. The international community must support efforts to resolve conflicts based on dialogue and understanding, even though the challenges that exist are enormous. Social injustice, ethnic differences and sectarian thinking are significant obstacles to peace in the region. Reflection on past conflict experiences can provide important lessons for achieving sustainable stability in the Middle East.